Table 4 QDs biomolecule attached and their application

QD–RGD peptide

Labeling and imaging

(Mazumder et al. 2009)

QD–streptavidin

Immunolabeling

(Mazumder et al. 2009)

QD–AFP-Ab

Imaging and targeting

(Chen et al. 2008)

QD–oligonucleotides

Cell labeling

(Sapsford et al. 2006)

QD–streptavidin/biotinylated DNA

FISH detection

(Sapsford et al. 2006)

QD–DNA

Hepatitis B and C and SND detection and biosensing

(Sapsford et al. 2006; Medintz et al. 2005)

QD–avidin

Labeling

(Sapsford et al. 2006)

QD–anti-TNT

Immunodetection

(Sapsford et al. 2006)

QD–antibody

Biosensing and small molecular detection

(Sapsford et al. 2006)

QD–aptamer

ATP detection

(Drbohlavova et al. 2009)

QD–protein

Biosensing

(Smith et al. 2006)

QD–MBP-Cy3-β-CD-Cy3.5

Biosensing

(Toshihide and Kayozabo 1992)

QD–TAT

Endothelial cell targeting and labeling

(Stroh et al. 2005)

CHP–QD–Hela

Cervical cancer

(Wang et al. 2008a)

QD–Luc8

BRET system

(Xia and Rao 2009)

QD–PSMA

Prostate cancer

(Fu et al. 2005)

QD–PEG–PLA

Biomedical imaging and detection

(Manda et al. 2005)

QD–PEG–antibody

Prostate cancer detection

(Jamiesona et al. 2007)

QD–PEG–DSPE

Magnetic imaging

(Mulder et al. 2006)

QD–peptide

In vivo vascular tumor targeting

(Fu et al. 2005)

QD–CA 125

Ovarian cancer

(Peng and Li 2010)

QD–HER2

Breast cancer

(Peng and Li 2010)

QD–PSA

Prostate cancer

(Peng and Li 2010)

QD–anti-claudin-4

Pancreatic cancer

(Peng and Li 2010)

QD–AFP

HCC (hepatocelluar)

(Peng and Li 2010)