Gold nanoparticles for cancer radiotherapy: a review

Cancer Nanotechnology

Table 1 In vitro toxicology studies of cancer models to AuNP exposure for AuNPs smaller than 4 nm

Size (nm)	Coating	Cancer cell line	Exposure	Time (h)	Toxicity	Ref.
2	MMPC1	COS-1	0.38–3 μM	1–24	IC₅₀ = 1.0 μM	Goodman et al. (2004)
	MMPC2				IC₅₀ > 7.37 μM
	MMPC1	Red blood cells	0.27–833 μM		IC₅₀ = 1.1 μM
	MMPC2				IC₅₀ = 72 μM
3.5 ± 0.7	Lysine, poly(lysine)	RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage	10–100 μM	24–72	>100 μM after 24 h	Shukla et al. (2005)
1.4	PH₂PC₆H₄SO₃H	MV3,	<0.4 mM	24	IC₅₀ = 0.24 μM	Tsoli et al. (2005)
1.4		BLM			IC₅₀ = 0.30 μM	Tsoli et al. (2005)
1.1	GSH	HeLa	5.6 mM	48	IC₅₀ = 3130 μM	Pan et al. (2009)
1.4	TPPMS				IC₅₀ = 48 μM
1.4	TPPMS, GSH				IC₅₀ = 181 μM
1.4	TPPMS	HeLa	Up to 10 mM	36	IC₅₀ = 30 μM	Pan et al. (2007)
		SK-mel-28			J774A1 IC₅₀ = 30 μM
					L929 IC₅₀ = 56 μM
	TPPTS	HeLa			IC₅₀ = 46 μM
1.9		BAECs	0.125-1 mM		~30% cell death at 1 mM AuNPs exposure	Rahman et al. (2009)
1.9		Du-145	Up to 2 mg/ml	24	LD₅₀ = 20 μM	Coulter et al. (2012)
		MDA-MB-231			LD₅₀ = 24.6 μM
		L132			LD₅₀ = 320 μM

MMPC1 and MMPC2 mixed monolayer gold clusters functionalised with quarternary ammonium and with carboxylic acid, respectively, TPPMS sodium triphenylphosphine monosulfonate, TPPTS sodium triphenylphosphine trisulfonate, PEG polyethylene glycol, GHS glutathione

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