Table 1 Chronological overview of experimental studies on radio-enhancement of fast ion radiation effects by high-Z compounds

Helium

143 MeV/amu

2.24 (HIMAC)

4

pBr322 plasmid

PtTC complex

SSB/DSB

Yes^a

–

Usami et al. (2005)

Carbon

276 MeV/amu

109 MeV/amu

13.4 (HIMAC)

25.6

7

6.2

pBr322 plasmid

PtTC complex

SSB/DSB

Yes

–

Usami et al. (2007)

Iron

400 MeV/amu

100 MeV/amu

200 (HIMAC)

550

–

pBr322 plasmid

PtTC complex

SSB/DSB

Yes

–

Carbon

290 MeV/amu

13 (HIMAC)

70

7

6.2

CHO-K-1 cells

PtTC complex

SF

Yes

Yes

Usami et al. (2008a)

Helium

150 MeV/amu

2 & 7 (HIMAC)

4

CHO-K-1 cells

PtTC complex

SF

Yes

Yes

Carbon

276 MeV/amu

13.4 (HIMAC)

4

pBr322 plasmid

PtNP-PAA 3 nm

Yes

–

Porcel et al. (2010)

Carbon

290 MeV/amu

13.2 (HIMAC)

110

7

pBr322 plasmid

PtNP-PAA 3 nm

Yes

–

Protons

40 MeV

1 (Pristine peak)

35 (Bragg Peak)

480

CT26 cells

AuNPs 2–13 nm

SF

–

–

Kim et al. (2010)

Protons

40 MeV

1 (Pristine peak)

35 (Bragg Peak)

480

CT26 cells

FeNPs 14 nm

SF

–

–

Protons

40 MeV

1 (Pristine peak)

35 (Bragg peak)

–

CT26 T in mice

AuNPs 2–13 nm

T growth/mice survival

–

–

Protons

80 MeV

–

4

NSA fibrocarcoma in mice

Cis-Pt

T growth/mice survival

–

Yes

Terakawa et al. (2011)

Protons

160 MeV

SOBP

–

DU 145 Prostate carcinoma cells

Phage plus AuNPs 44 nm

SF

–

–

Polf et al. (2011)

Helium

150 MeV/amu

2.3 (HIMAC)

4

pBr322 plasmid

PtNP-PAA 3 nm

SSB/DSB

Yes

–

Porcel et al. (2012)

Carbon

290 MeV/amu

13.2

110

(HIMAC)

7

pBr322 plasmid

PtNP-PAA 3 nm

SSB/DSB

Yes

–

Protons

45 MeV

Pristine Bragg Peak Entrance plateau

0.5–0.7

CT26 T in mice

AuNPs 14 nm

T uptake/T growth/Mice survival

Yes

–

Kim et al. (2012)

Protons

45 MeV

Pristine Bragg Peak Entrance plateau

0.5–0.7

CT26 T in mice

FeNPs 10.6 nm

T uptake/T growth/Mice survival

Yes

–

Carbon

62 MeV

HeLa

Glu-AuNPs 6 nm

–

–

Kaur et al. (2013)

Carbon

270 MeV/amu

13 (HIMAC)

7

pBr322 plasmid

GdBNP 3 nm

SSB/DSB

Yes

–

Porcel et al. (2014)

Helium

150 MeV/amu

2.3 (HIMAC)

4

pBr322 plasmid

GdBNP 3 nm

SSB/DSB

–

–

Carbon

270 MeV/amu

7

CHO

GdBNP 3 nm

SF

Yes

Protons

3 MeV

–

RT112

Citrate-AuNPs 50 nm

Yes

Yes

Jeynes et al. (2014)

Protons

2 MeV

10 and 25

1

A431

Amine PEG capped AuNPs 5 & 10 nm

SF

Yes

Yes

(Li et al. (2016)

Carbon

165 MeV/amu

70 (HIRFL)

0.4

HeLa

AuNPs 14 nm (1.5–15 μg/mL)

Viability, SF, cell cycle

Yes

Yes

Liu et al. (2015, 2016)

Protons

150 MeV

0.44

3.6

–

pBr322 plasmid

PtNP-PAA 3 nm

SSB/DSB

Yes

–

Schlathölter et al. (2016)

Protons

150 MeV

0.44

3.6

–

pBr322 plasmid

GdBNP 3 nm

SSB/DSB

Yes

–