Table 7 Application of graphene NPs in PDT and/or PTT
Type of NPs (size, nm) | PS (amount) | NPs–PS interactions | Irradiation conditions | Type of ROS | Cancer cell line | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In vitro | In vivo | ||||||
Nanosheets (200) | ZnPc (14 wt%) | π–π stacking Hydrophobic | UV band-path filtered Xe light, 60 J/cm2, 10 min | nd | MCF-7 | ‒ | Dong et al. (2010) |
Nanosheets (nd) | MB (nd) | nd | Laser 785 nm | 1O2 | ‒ | ‒ | Wojtoniszak et al. (2013) |
Nanosheets (148) | Ce6 (51.9 wt%) | π–π stacking Hydrophobic | LED 660 nm, 8000 mCd, 30 min | nd | SCC7 | SCC7 bearing mice C3H/HeN mice | Miao et al. (2013) |
Nanosheets (20–40) | Ce6 (26 wt%) | π–π stacking Hydrophobic | Laser 660 nm, 0.2 W/cm2, 5 min | ROS 1O2 | HeLa | ‒ | Zeng et al. (2015) |
Nanosheets (nd) | Ce6 (160 wt%) | π–π stacking | Laser 660 nm, 2 min | ROS | HeLa | ‒ | Liu et al. (2015a) |
Nanosheets (200) | ZnPc (60 wt%) | π–π stacking Hydrophobic | Light 660 nm, 0.15 W/cm2, 10 min | 1O2 | HeLa MCF-7 | ‒ | Wu et al. (2014) |
Nanosheets (120) | MitoTPP (37.2 wt%) | π–π stacking Electrostatic | LED 650 nm, 10 mW/cm2, 30 min | 1O2 | HeLa | ‒ | Xu et al. (2015) |
Nanosheets (nd) | HP (23.6 wt%) | π–π stacking Hydrophobic | Laser 671 nm, 0.1 W/cm2, 5 min | 1O2 | HeLa | ‒ | Zhou et al. (2015) |
Nanosheets (300–400) | AdaTPP (nd) | π–π stacking | Visible light | ROS | HeLa OCT-1 | HeLa-bearing BALB/c nude mice | Yang et al. (2012) |
Nanosheets (80) | AP-Ce6 (23.1 wt%) | π–π stacking | Light 650 nm, 50 mW/cm2, 20 min | 1O2 | HepG2 | ‒ | Yan et al. (2014) |
Nanosheets (nd) | Ce6 (80 wt%) | π–π stacking Hydrophobic | He–Ne laser 632.8 nm, 30 mW/cm2, 10 min | nd | MGC803 | ‒ | Huang et al. (2011) |
Nanosheets (nd) | Ce6 (80 wt%) | π–π stacking Hydrophobic | Laser 671 nm, 30 mW/cm2, 3 min | 1O2 | MGC803 | ‒ | Huang et al. (2015) |
Nanosheets (78.1) | Ce6 (115 wt%) | π–π stacking Hydrophobic | Laser 670 nm, 1.8 J/cm2 | 1O2 | HeLa | ‒ | Li et al. (2013) |
Nanosheets (50) | Ce6 (15 wt%) | π–π stacking | Laser 660 nm, 15 J/cm2, 5 min (PDT); Laser 808 nm, 0.3 W/cm2, 360 J/cm2 (PTT) | 1O2 | KB | ‒ | Tian et al. (2011) |
Nanosheets (38.4) | MB (22.7 wt%) | Electrostatic | CW laser 650 nm, 0.15 W/cm2, 10 min (PDT) ; NIR laser 808 nm, 2 W/cm2, 3 min (PTT) | 1O2 | HeLa NIH/3T3 | HeLa | (Sahu et al. 2013) |
Nanosheets (nd) | TSCuPc (27 wt%) | π–π stacking | Laser 650 nm, 3 W/cm2, 5 min | ROS | HeLa | ‒ | Jiang et al. (2014b) |
Nanorods (nd) | TSCuPc (38 wt%) | π–π stacking | Laser 650 nm, 3 W/cm2, 5 min | ROS | HeLa | ‒ | Jiang et al. (2014a) |
Nanosheets (20.5) | DVDMS (100 wt%) | π–π stacking | Laser 630 nm, 50 J (PDT); NIR laser 808 nm, 1 W/cm2, 10 min (PTT) | 1O2 | PC9 | PC9 tumor-bearing mice | Yan et al. (2015a) |
Nanosheets (50) | DVDMS (201.2 wt%) | π–π stacking Hydrophobic | Laser 630 nm, 50 J | 1O2 | U87MG | U87MG tumor-bearing mice | Yan et al. (2015b) |
Nanorods (1–5) | ZnMAPc (nd) | nd | Diode laser 676 nm, 98 mW/cm2, 5 J/cm2 | 1O2 | A375 | ‒ | |
Nanorods (1–5) | ZnMAPc (nd) | nd | 602 nm | 1O2 | ‒ | ‒ | Ogbodu et al. (2013b) |
Nanorods (1–5) | ZnMCPPc (nd) | nd | Quartz lamp 600–1000 nm, 28–112 J/cm2, 5–20 min | 1O2 | MCF-7 | ‒ | Ogbodu et al. (2015a) |
Nanorods (1–5) | ZnOCPc (nd) | nd | 610 nm | 1O2 | ‒ | ‒ | Ogbodu and Nyokong (2014) |
Nanorods (nd) | POR, MYR (nd) | π–π stacking | LED lamp 570 nm (yellow filter), 630 nm (red filter) or 940 nm | 1O2 | ‒ | ‒ | Safar et al. (2015) |
Nanorods (nd) | Ce6 (11.3 wt%) | π–π stacking | Laser 630 nm, 0.15 W/cm2, 10 min | nd | HeLa NIH/3T3 | ‒ | Xiao et al. (2012) |
Nanosheets (40) | ZnPc (11 wt%) | π–π stacking | Laser 630 nm, 50 mW/cm2, 10 min (PDT); NIR laser 808 nm, 2 W/cm2, 10 min (PTT) | 1O2 | HeLa KB | ‒ | Wang et al. (2013) |
Hydrogel shells (35) | AE (nd) | π–π stacking Hydrophobic | Laser 600 nm, 0.2 W/cm2, 10 min | 1O2 | HeLa CHO | ‒ | Chang et al. (2015) |
nd (40) | SiNc4 (8.5 wt%) | π–π stacking | Halogen lamp 775 nm, 0.3 W/cm2, 60 min | ROS 1O2 | HeLa | ‒ | Gollavelli and Ling (2014) |
Nanosheets (50) | HPPH (131 wt%) | π–π stacking | Laser 671 nm, 2-8 mW/cm2, 3 min (in vitro) and 75 mW/cm2, 20 min (in vivo) | 1O2 | 4T1 | 4T1-bearing mice | Rong et al. (2014) |
Nanosheets (102.4) | Ce6 (nd) | Grafted with disulfide bond (SS) | CW laser beam 670 nm, 0.1 W/cm2, 20 J/cm2 | 1O2 | A549 | ‒ | Cho and Choi (2012) |
Nanosheets (441.1) | Ce6 (nd) | Hydrophobic | CW laser beam 670 nm, 0.1 W/cm2, 20 J/cm2 | 1O2 | A549 | ‒ | Cho et al. (2013) |
Nanosheets (100) | Ce6-Pep (35 wt%) | π–π stacking Hydrophobic | Laser 660 nm, 0.25 W/cm2, 200 s | 1O2 | KB A549 HeLa HaCaT | HeLa-bearing mice | Tian et al. (2015) |
Nanosheets (15) | PcSi(OH)(mob) (20 wt%) | Encapsulated into PPIG4 dendrimer | Laser diode 690 nm, 0.3 W/cm2, 15 min (PDT/PTT, in vitro) | 1O2 | A2780/AD | A2780/AD-bearing mice | |
Nanocolloid Core@Shell NPs (15) | ZnPc (1.9 106 ZnPc/Au@GON NP) | π–π stacking | LED 660 nm, 0.2 W/cm2, 10 min (PDT); NIR laser 808 nm, 0.67 W/cm2, 20 min (PTT) | 1O2 | HeLa | ‒ | Kim et al. (2015) |