Fig. 4

GNP-mediated chemoradiation. a Comparison of survival fractions cell treated with free BLM compared to cells treated with GNP-RGD-BLM prior to the radiation dose of 2 Gy with 6 MV photons (denoted ‘IR’), respectively. *Represents statistically significant difference (unpaired t-test, p < 0.05) (b, c). Quantitative and qualitative representation of DNA DSBs in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with BLM and GNP-RGD-BLM, prior to 2 Gy, 6 MV X-ray radiation (denoted ‘IR’), respectively. The nucleus is stained with DAPI shown in blue and the markers for DNA DSBs (53BP1) are shown in green. *Represents statistically significant difference (unpaired t-test, p < 0.05). Scale bar = 10 μm