Table 1 Phospholipids characteristics
From: Nanomedicine review: clinical developments in liposomal applications
Phospholipid | Abbreviation | C:U | TC (º C) | Chargea | Advantages | Drawbacks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine | HSPC | 16–18:0 | 52 | Neutral | Important role in membrane fusion, combined cationic lipids | Low cellular incorporation rate Low cytotoxicity (Kolašinac et al. 2018; Zhao and Song Zhuang 2011) |
Dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine | DLPC | 12:0 | − 2 | |||
Dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine | DMPC | 14:0 | 24 | |||
Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine | DPPC | 16:0 | 41 | |||
Distearoyl phosphatidylcholine | DSPC | 18:0 | 55 | |||
Dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine | DOPC | 18:1c9 | − 17 | |||
Dilauroyl phosphatidylethanolamine | DLPE | 12:0 | 29 | |||
Dimyristoyl phosphatidylethanolamine | DMPE | 14:0 | 50 | |||
Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine | DPPE | 16:0 | 60 | |||
Distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine | DSPE | 18:0 | 74 | |||
Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine | DOPE | 18:1 | − 16 | |||
Dilauroyl phosphatidylglycerol | DLPG | 12:0 | − 3 | Negative | Prevent the aggregation of liposomes due to electrostatic repulsion Laterally assemble into nanoclusters and this occurs in a charge-dependent manner Accumulation in tumor Adsorptive endocytosis and enhance stability | Rapidly removed from circulation by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) Negatively charged liposomes do not significantly adsorb protein (Tsermentseli et al. 2018; Ma et al. 2017) |
Dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol | DMPG | 14:0 | 23 | |||
Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol | DPPG | 16:0 | 41 | |||
Distearoyl phosphatidylglycerol | DSPG | 18:0 | 55 | |||
Dioleoyl phosphatidylglycerol | DOPG | 18:1 | − 18 | |||
Dilauroyl phosphatidylserine | DLPS | 12:0 | Â | |||
Dimyristoyl phosphatidylserine | DMPS | 14:0 | 35 | |||
Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylserine | DPPS | 16:0 | 51 | |||
Distearoyl phosphatidylserine | DSPS | 18:0 | 68 | |||
Dioleoyl phosphatidylserine | DOPS | 18:1 | − 11 | |||
Dilauroyl phosphatidic acid | DLPA | 12:0 | 31 | |||
Dimyristoyl phosphatidic acid | DMPA | 14:0 | 52 | |||
Dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid | DPPA | 16:0 | 65 | |||
Distearoyl phosphatidic acid | DSPA | 18:0 | 75 | |||
Dioleoyl phosphatidic acid | DOPA | 18:1 | − 4 | |||
Diacyl dimethylammonium-propane | DAP | Â | Â | Positive | Strong gene transfer ability The head group helps to attract the liposome to the negatively charged cell membrane, thus increasing the cell incorporation rate Good protein adsorption, through adsorptive endocytosis | High cytotoxicity Low efficiency Positively charged lipids are not approved by FDA for clinical use (Li et al. 2019; Honary and Zahir 2013) |
Dioleoyl trimethylammonium-propane | DOTAP | 18:1 | <Â 5 |