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Fig. 1 | Cancer Nanotechnology

Fig. 1

From: Nanomedicine-mediated induction of immunogenic cell death and prevention of PD-L1 overexpression for enhanced hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

Fig. 1

Treatment of doxorubicin induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) and overexpression of PD-L1 in HCC. HCC cells including cell H22 and human HCC cell HepG2 were treated with 0.25 μM Doxorubicin (DOX) for 24 h. After that, bio-assays were performed. a, b Flow cytometry was quantifying the percentage of calreticulin (CRT) positive cells from PI negative cell population. c, d Cell supernatant was collected and released supernatant HMGB1 (S-HMGB1) was determined using Western blot and ELISA, respectively. Besides, e released ATP was measured using ATP determination kit. As shown in f, DOX-treated HCC cells were co-incubated with DCs (BMDCs or PBDCs). After 48 h, g flow cytometry was used to determine matured BMDCs (CD45+ CD11c+ cells). Additionally, h–j the expressions of PD-L1 in HCC were determined using flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and western blot, respectively. Data were represented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. All the experiments were repeated three times with similar results

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