Recent progress of graphene oxide-based multifunctional nanomaterials for cancer treatment

Cancer Nanotechnology

Table 1 Summary of common chemical synthetic methods to generate graphene oxide-based nanomaterials

Type	Method	Reaction condition	Ref.
GO	Chemical oxidation	KClO₃/fuming HNO₃	Brodie (1859)
		NaNO₃/KMnO₄/concentrated H₂SO₄	Hummers Jr and Offeman (1958)
		KMnO₄/H₂SO₄/H₃PO₄	Marcano et al. (2010)
rGO	Chemical reduction	Hydrazine, hydrazine hydrate, l-ascorbic acid	Lin et al. (2016)
Graphene oxide derivatives	Covalent	Amine coupling to carboxylic groups; sulfonylation, acylation
Graphene oxide derivatives	Non-covalent	van der Waals forces, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π–π stacking interactions	Zhang et al. (2017a, b, c, d, e)

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