Fig. 6From: Baicalin-loaded folic acid-modified albumin nanoparticles (FA-BSANPs/BA) induce autophagy in MCF-7 cells via ROS-mediated p38 MAPK and Akt/mTOR pathwayFA-BSANPs/BA regulated the level of ROS in MCF-7 cells. A and D Fluorescence intensity measurements reflecting ROS levels. B Flow cytometry measurement of ROS production. C ROS production observed by fluorescence microscopy. MCF-7 cells were exposed to FA-BSANPs/BA and NAC + FA-BSANPs/BA for 48 h and then stained with DCFH-DA for 30 min. Scale bars = 20 μm. E Evaluation of cell viability. F Expression of apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins, p38 MAPK and Akt/mTOR pathway proteins detected by western blot. Results are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3), *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001Back to article page