Fig. 4From: Nanocluster-mediated photothermia improves eradication efficiency and antibiotic sensitivity of Helicobacter pyloriEffects of NCs heating on H. pylori morphology under transmission electron microscopy observation. Upper lanes: control group, H. pylori appeared in orderly distribution with intact cell wall and membrane. The cytoplasms were uniform with medium electron density. Ribosomes were intact as indicated by red arrows in A and a; lower lanes: NCs heating group, H. pylori were dispersed and disorganized. Yellow circle in B demonstrated distorted bacteria with thin and incomplete cell wall. Abnormal ribosome (red arrows in B and b) and leakage of cytoplasmic contents (yellow arrow in b) were observed. The red squares (a and b) demonstrated higher magnification of A and B, highlighted cell wall and membrane changes of individual H. pyloriBack to article page