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Table 1 Changes in serum chemistry parameters after 5-month treatment with BNCs or CNCs thrice a week in hamsters in which CCA was induced by a combination of Opisthorchis viverrini infection and administration of a carcinogen

From: Curcumin-loaded nanocomplexes alleviate the progression of fluke-related cholangiocarcinoma in hamsters

Parameters

Reference range

Unit

Experimental groups

Normal

ON induced

Untreated (ON)

ON + BNCs

ON + CNCs 10 mg cur/kg bw

ON + CNCs 20 mg cur/kg bw

n = 19

n = 12

n = 4

n = 10

n = 8

Total protein

4.5–7.5

g/dL

6.04 ± 0.27

5.98 ± 0.43

5.55 ± 0.60

6.00 ± 0.27

6.08 ± 0.55

Albumin

2.3–4.3

g/dL

3.66 ± 0.20

3.11 ± 0.31*

2.70 ± 0.92*

3.31 ± 0.17@

3.10 ± 0.40*

Globulin

2.3–4.3

g/dL

2.37 ± 0.21

2.87 ± 0.33*

2.85 ± 0.40*

2.69 ± 0.25*

2.98 ± 0.27*

Total bilirubin

NA

mg/dL

0.03 ± 0.05

0.22 ± 0.16*

0.33 ± 0.39*

0.26 ± 0.21*

0.34 ± 0.32*

ALT

22–128

U/L

54.53 ± 19.23

272.64 ± 105.95*

288.75 ± 82.09*

261.13 ± 113.86*

270.43 ± 164.17*

AST

20–150

U/L

98.67 ± 51.90

126.83 ± 44.19

149.50 ± 61.11

149.29 ± 31.22

115.83 ± 36.45

Alkaline phosphatase

50–186

U/L

68.21 ± 30.85

100.17 ± 23.84*

76.50 ± 35.34

74.50 ± 14.13

83.13 ± 16.00

  1. Data are mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA
  2. BNCs blank nanocomplexes, CNCs curcumin-loaded nanocomplexes, ON a combination of Opisthorchis viverrini infection and administration of N-nitrosodimethylamine, mg cur/kg bw mg curcumin/kg body weight. NA not available *P value < 0.05 compared to normal group
  3. @P value < 0.05 compared to ON + BNC group, n = number of killed animals at the end of experiment and used for biochemistry analysis. Data from animals dying before the end of the experiment were not analyzed