Curcumin-loaded nanocomplexes alleviate the progression of fluke-related cholangiocarcinoma in hamsters

Cancer Nanotechnology

Table 2 Histopathological findings in hamster livers

Experimental groups		Percentage survival rate (mean ± SD)	Grading				CCA incidence
			Chronic active inflammation score (mean ± SD)		Cholangiofibrosis (mean ± SD)	Cholangiofibroma (mean ± SD)	Percent of hamsters developing CCA (No. of hamsters)	Tumor volumes (mm³) (mean ± SD)
			Perihilar bile duct	Peripheral bile duct	Cholangiofibrosis (mean ± SD)	Cholangiofibroma (mean ± SD)	Percent of hamsters developing CCA (No. of hamsters)	Tumor volumes (mm³) (mean ± SD)
Normal		95% (19/20)	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0% (0/19)	0.00 ± 0.00
ON induced	Untreated	40% (12/30)	4.40 ± 0.84^*	5.00 ± 0.00^*	2.30 ± 2.06^*	2.40 ± 2.37^*	50% (6/12)	47.35 ± 78.71^*
	ON + BNCs	40% (4/10)	3.25 ± 0.50^*,#	4.50 ± 0.58^*	2.25 ± 0.50^*	3.50 ± 2.38^*	50% (2/4)	38.97 ± 23.95^*
	ON + CNCs 10 mg cur/kg bw	66.67% (10/15)	2.70 ± 0.67^*,#	3.90 ± 0.88^*,#	2.70 ± 1.83^*	1.10 ± 1.85	30% (3/10)	22.36 ± 12.03^*
	ON + CNCs 20 mg cur/kg bw	53.33% (8/15)	2.63 ± 0.92^*,#	4.00 ± 0.93^*,#	2.88 ± 1.13^*	2.50 ± 0.93^*	75% (6/8)	33.43 ± 39.98^*

Data are mean ± SD
BNCs blank nanocomplexes, CNCs Curcumin-loaded nanocomplexes, ON a combination of Opisthorchis viverrini infection and N-nitrosodimethylamine
^*P value < 0.05 compared to normal controls when analyzed by one-way ANOVA
^#P value < 0.05 compared to ON untreated group when analyzed by one-way ANOVA

ISSN: 1868-6966