Table 1 Application of ZnO NPs in PDT
Type of NPs (size, nm) | PS (amount) | NPs–PS interactions | Irradiation conditions | Type of ROS | Cancer cell line | Refs. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In vitro | In vivo | ||||||
NPs (5) | MTAP (4/ZnO) | Conjugated by coupling reaction | UV light 365 nm, 0.51 W/cm2, 30 min | nd | NIH:OVCAR-3 | – | Liu et al. (2008) |
NPs (5) | MTAP (4/ZnO) | Conjugated by coupling reaction | UV-A lamp 365 nm, 0.50 W/cm2, 30–120 min | ROS | NIH:OVCAR-3 | – | Zhang et al. (2008) |
Nanorods (130–150) | Photofrin and 5-ALA (nd) | Conjugated | Diode laser 630 nm along with UV light of 240 nm, 0–160 J/cm2, 0–20 min | ROS | HepG2 | SD rats | Atif et al. (2011) |
NPs (80–120) | Photofrin and 5-ALA (nd) | Conjugated | Diode laser 635 nm, 80 J/cm2 | nd | HepG2 | – | Fakhar-e-Alam et al. (2011a) |
Nanorods (150–200) | Photofrin, 5-ALA and PPDME (nd) | Conjugated | Diode laser 635 nm, 30 J/cm2, 6.5 min | ROS | HeLa | – | Fakhar-e-Alam et al. (2011b) |
Nanoporous (200–600) | Photofrin (nd) | Conjugated | Diode laser, 80 J/cm2 | ROS | RD | – | Fakhar-e-Alam et al. (2012) |
NPs (35) | PpIX (nd) | Encapsulated | Laser 630 nm, 80 J/cm2 | ROS | A549 | – | Fakhar-e-Alam et al. (2014b) |
Nanowires (150–170) | PpXI (nd) | Conjugated | UV-A illumination, light dose 10 J/cm2 | ROS | FM55P AG01518 | – | Fakhar-e-Alam et al. (2014a) |
NPs (3–26) | MTCP and CuMTCP (nd) | Conjugated by coupling reaction | UV-A/B (100 μW/cm2, 3 min) or X-ray (0.94 Gy, 30 s) irradiation | ROS | DU145 T-47D | – | Sadjadpour et al. (2016) |
Nanohexagons Nanorods (25–90) | ZnPc ZnTMAAPc ZnTMPAPc (OH)AlPcSmix (Pc: ZnO NPs, 12:1) | Conjugated by coupling reaction | 669–690 nm | nd | ‒ | – | D’Souza et al. (2015) |
NPs (25–40) | TSPP (nd) | Encapsulated | Visible light irradiation | 1O2 | S. aureus E. coli KCCM 12234 KCCM 11256 | – | Senthilkumar et al. (2013) |