Fig. 7
From: Recent progress of graphene oxide-based multifunctional nanomaterials for cancer treatment
(Reproduced with permission (Ding et al. 2016), Copyright 2016, Elsevier)
Illustration of the application of HA–TiO2–GO for in vitro photodynamic therapy. a The mutual sensitization process, self-degradation and anticancer mechanism of HA–TiO2–GO. b Mechanisms of ROSs generation of HA–TiO2–GO system by irradiation. (1: absorption; 2: intersystem crossing; 3: energy transfer; 4: electron or hydrogen transfer; 5: electron transfer between the excited HA and the conduction band of TiO2; 6: re-oxidation; 7: oxidation of O2 radical dot− by h+; 8: reduction; 9: energy transfer from TiO2* to 3O2; 10: reduction of 3O2 by e−). c Schematic and TEM illustration of the GO destroying process by 1O2. The blue areas represented HA–TiO2–GO complex and sp3 carbon clusters, where HA and TiO2 localizing (Bar = 10 nm)