Targeted therapy for HCC using dumbbell-like nanoparticles conjugated to monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and cancer stem cell receptors in mice

Table 2 Mean significance ± SE values of serum levels of AFP, caspases-3, VEGF-A, ALT and AST levels in sera of different groups after second month of treatment

Animal groups (second month)	AFP ng/ml	ALT IU/ml	AST IU/ml	Caspases-3 ng/ml	VEGF-A pg/ml
Normal control	11.06 ± 0.12	99.04 ± 0.79	49.89 ± 2.44	3.37 ± 0.10	125 ± 0.19
Pathological control	68.08 ± 0.14^b	346.6 ± 2.23^b	161.1 ± 5.24^b	6.14 ± 0.09^b	280.7 ± 0.36^b
mAbs conjugated nanoparticles	13.15 ± 0.11^dg	101.7 ± 2.41^dg	44.9 ± 1.75^dg	4.28 ± 0.19^eg	125.5 ± 0.25^dg
Avastin	25.10 ± 0.09^f	158.2 ± 2.89^ea	61.7 ± 1.88^e	12.21 ± 0.15^e	159.9 ± 0.12^e
Nanoparticles	49.47 ± 0.19	270 ± 0.11	137.6 ± 2.50	7.42 ± 0.11	200.2 ± 0.12

^aSignificant and ^bhigh significant increase between pathological # normal groups (P < 0.5 and P < 0.1, respectively)
^cSignificant and ^dhighly significant difference between nanoparticles conjugated # pathological control groups (P < 0.5& P < 0.1, respectively)
^eSignificant and ^fhighly significant difference between Avastin and pathological control groups (P < 0.5 and P < 0.1, respectively)
^gSignificant in the mean values of different markers between first and second months

ISSN: 1868-6966