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Fig. 4 | Cancer Nanotechnology

Fig. 4

From: Carboxylated graphene quantum dots-mediated photothermal therapy enhances drug-membrane permeability, ROS production, and the immune system recruitment on 3D glioblastoma models

Fig. 4

Photothermal enhancement of membrane permeability on glioblastoma spheroids through GQDs. A Schematic representation of photothermal therapy (PTT) exploiting GQD as photosensitizing agents. B Characterization of the 808 nm laser used for PTT. C Thermal conversion of GQDs at different concentrations. D Fluorescence imaging of calcein entering through glioblastoma spheroids. Scale bar 200 μm. E Fluorescence intensity of calcein inside glioblastoma spheroids after photothermal treatment through GQDs, measured in a time span of 30 min, indicating a significant increase in membrane permeability. ***p < 0.01 one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test

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Cancer Nanotechnology

ISSN: 1868-6966

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