Fig. 3

a Amounts of different proteins bound on the APD–PD-L1–MIPL and MIP. b SDS–PAGE analysis of recognition of PD-L1 by MIP NPs: lanes 1 2, protein mixed solution of the APD–PD-L1–MIPL and MIP; lanes 3 4, protein eluate from APD–PD-L1–MIPL and MIP. c Reusable of the APD–PD-L1–MIPL. d Quantitation of the APD–PD-L1–MIPL. The error bars represent the standard deviation of three independent measurements