Fig. 8

The assay for cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This assay evaluated the induction of a targeted CTL response for the removal of tumor cells using an in vitro CTL activity test. The test involved co-incubating B16F10 cells, which express VEGFR-2 (the target cells), with splenocytes in different ratios (the effector cells) and tagging them with calcein AM. The results are presented as means ± SD (n = 3), with E representing the effector cells and T the target cells. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data, and statistically significant differences were denoted as follows: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001