Fig. 3
From: Emerging applications of extracellular vesicles in tumor therapy
Therapeutic extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer multiple advantages, such as enhancing the TME's immune system to inhibit tumor progression. They can efficiently deliver chemotherapeutic drugs into the TME, thereby increasing the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs. Moreover, they can regulate specific protein levels in the TME to suppress tumor progression and directly act on tumors to decelerate their growth. Conversely, tumor-derived EVs can stimulate the TME's immune system to promote tumor progression and alter factors within the TME that encourage tumor invasion and metastasis