Table 5 Complete blood profile with hepatic and renal parameters in nanoformulations of VC-loaded TCs-HA compared to pure VC group (n = 10, mean + SD, p ≤ 0.05)

RBC profile

 RBC count

5.93 ± 0.27

3.41 ± 0.23

3.09 ± 0.29

5.11 ± 0.31

4–5.9 × 10¹²/l

 Haemoglobin

14.53 ± 0.25

9.22 ± 0.21

7.36 ± 0.29

10.7 ± 0.27

12–16 × g/dl

 Haematocrit

46.67 ± 1.17

31.56 ± 1.15

31.34 ± 1.09

32.07 ± 1.19

35–50%

 MCV

45.14 ± 0.59

100.12 ± 0.61

89.53 ± 0.59

71.34 ± 0.57

40–60 fl

 MCH

24.67 ± 0.58

17.29 ± 0.59

16.48 ± 0.55

19.58 ± 0.56

21–31 pg

 MCHC

31.33 ± 0.59

49.35 ± 0.55

46.24 ± 0.55

41.47 ± 0.56

30–39%

 Haemolysis

2 ± 0

12.33 ± 0.4

25.83 ± 0.5

15.32 ± 0.3

0%

 RBC morphology

Normal

Macrocytic

Spheroidal

Spheroidal

Normal

WBC Profile

 WBC count

7.37 ± 1.27

31.22 ± 1.25

1.01 ± 1.22

4.37 ± 1.17

4.5–11.0 × 10³/µl

 Neutrophils

4.21 ± 2.65

89.21 ± 2.48

11.88 ± 1.29

24.78 ± 2.69

21–57%

 Lymphocytes

6.67 ± 3.06

92.67 ± 3.09

32.22 ± 2.89

45.48 ± 2.91

49–82%

 Monocytes

1.67 ± 0.59

9.38 ± 0.55

0.99 ± 0.58

1.02 ± 0.51

1.7–4.3%

 Eosinophils

2.33 ± 0.29

17.27 ± 0.27

10.22 ± 0.26

7.46 ± 0.26

0–3%

 Basophils

2.33 ± 0.27

0.25 ± 0.26

0.57 ± 0.27

1.64 ± 0.27

0–3%

 WBC morphology

Normal

Normal

Abnormal

Abnormal

Normal

Platelet profile

 Count

375,000 ± 0.39

480,000 ± 0.47

329,000 ± 0.43

367,000 ± 0.36

150,000–450,000 μl

 Morphology

Normal

Normal

Normal

Normal

Normal

Kidney function test

BUN

15.39 ± 0.19

28.29 ± 0.39

24.66 ± 1.02

18.45 ± 0.31

18–29 mg/dl

Creatinine

0.1 ± 0.01

0.37 ± 0.21

0.49 ± 0.20

0.38 ± 0.19

0.1–0.4 mg/dl

Liver function test

 ALT

14.32 ± 3.38

59.19 ± 3.68

48.39 ± 4.37

31.23 ± 4.85

4.1–36 U/L

 AST

10.93 ± 2.27

35.25 ± 3.41

49.68 ± 2.44

25.66 ± 4.91

8.1–33 U/L

 ALP

17.21 ± 2.46

48.26 ± 3.49

68.97 ± 2.57

36.33 ± 5.26

4.1–40 U/L