Fig. 1

ART induced ferroptosis in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. A Cell viability of HepG2 and Huh7 cells exposed to 0, 10, 20, 40 or 80 µM ART for 24 h. (n = 5 per group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). B Cell viability of HepG2 and Huh7 cells treated with 100 µM DFO, 500 µM Trolox, 20 µM Lip-1 or 20 µM Fer-1, and then exposed to 80 µM ART for 24 h. (n = 5 per group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). C Iron content in HepG2 and Huh7 cells exposed to 0, 20, 40 or 80 µM ART for 24 h. (n = 3 per group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). D Fluorescence images (scale bar: 50 μm) and E fluorescence signal intensity of ROS in HepG2 and Huh7 cells exposed to 0, 20, 40, 80 µM ART or 50 µM erastin for 24 h. F ROS level of HepG2 and Huh7 cells exposed to 0, 20, 40, 80 µM ART or 50 µM erastin for 24 h. (n = 3 per group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). G MDA content and H GSH content in HepG2 and Huh7 cells exposed to 0, 20, 40, 80 µM ART for 24 h. (n = 3 per group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). Bars indicate mean ± SEM