Fig. 5
From: Application of tumor microparticles in tumor prevention and treatment
The schematic diagram of mechanism by which T-MPs prevented tumor lung metastasis (Zhai et al. 2022). a Steps 1–4; b steps 5–7. (1) Neutrophils which endocytosed T-MPs were activated, and secreted CCL3 and CCL4. (2) CCL3 and CCL4 attracted monocytes to lung. (3) Monocytes differentiated into macrophages. (4) Macrophages endocytosing T-MPs polarized to anti-tumor M1 type. (5) Tumor cells circulating in blood entered lung through the gaps between vascular endothelial cells. (6) Activated neutrophils which produced ROS and H2O2 killed tumor cells in lung. (7) M1 macrophages destroyed tumor cells in lung