Fig. 8
From: Application of tumor microparticles in tumor prevention and treatment
Schematic showing drug-loaded T-MP treatment of MPE (Xu et al. 2020). a Steps 1–3; b steps 4–5. (1) Tumor cells were directly killed by uptake of drug-loaded T-MPs which were injected into pleural cavity. (2) Macrophages took up drug-loaded T-MPs and released CXCL1 and CXCL2, thus drawing neutrophils in blood into the pleural cavity. (3) The microenvironment of pleural cavity was remolded by drug-loaded T-MPs and neutrophils were activated. (4) Activated neutrophils released ROS and NETs to kill tumors. (5) Neutrophils released NETs to cover the gaps between vascular endothelial cells, preventing the production of pleural effusion