Fig. 2

Cytotoxic effects of melittin, SAMNs, and alginate lyase on skov3 cells over different culture periods. A, dose-responsive cytotoxicity of melittin on SKOV3 cells. B, comparative cell concentrations post a 24 h culture across different groups. C, a detailed representation of cell concentrations in different groups. The cells were divided into seven groups: Control Group (CG), SKOV3 cells were not treated with nanoparticles or alginate lyase; Alginate Nanoparticles Group (NG), SKOV3 cells were treated with alginate nanoparticles; melittin Peptide Group (PG), SKOV3 cells were treated with free melittin (not encapsulated in nanoparticles); melittin-Encapsulated Nanoparticles Group (PNG), SKOV3 cells were treated with melittin-encapsulated alginate nanoparticles; and melittin-Encapsulated Nanoparticles + Lyase Groups (PNLG/PNMG/PNHG, 0.1/0.5/1 μM lyase), SKOV3 cells treated with melittin-encapsulated alginate nanoparticles in the presence of low, middle and high concentrations of alginate lyase. n = 3 for each group. ^**P < 0.05, ^***P < 0.05, and ^****P < 0.05 vs the CG group