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Table 4 Kinetic release models and the parameters obtained for optimum niosomal formulation

From: Folic acid-functionalized PEGylated niosomes co-encapsulated cisplatin and doxoribicin exhibit enhanced anticancer efficacy

Kinetic model

Zero-order

First-order

Higuchi

Korsmeyer–Peppas

Ct = C0 + K0t

LogC = LogC0 + Kt/2.303

Q = KH

Mt/M = Kt.tn

r2

r2

r2

r2

na

DOX (aq)

pH 7.4

0.4530

0.9167

0.6250

0.7474

0.4643

CIS (aq)

pH 7.4

0.4565

0.8475

0.6284

0.7702

0.4543

DOX–CIS-Nio

 DOX

pH 7.4

0.7529

0.8159

0.8967

0.9163

0.6436

 CIS

pH 7.4

0.8445

0.8987

0.9532

0.9522

0.6922

DOX–CIS-Nio@PEG–FA

 DOX

pH 7.4

0.7701

0.8694

0.9089

0.9287

0.4951

 CIS

pH 7.4

0.8445

0.8987

0.9532

0.9522

0.6922

  1. Zero-order model: where Ct is the drug amount released in time t, C0 is the initial drug amount in the solution and K0 is the zero-order kinetic model constant
  2. First-order model: where C0 is the initial drug concentration, Kt is the rate constant, and t is the time
  3. Higuchi model: Q is the drug amount released in time t, and KH is the kinetic model constant
  4. Korsmeyer-Peppa’s model: where Mt/M = Kt.tn is a drug released fraction at time t, n is the release exponent, and K is the release rate constant
  5. r2: The regression coefficient