Fig. 2

Preparation and characterization of Lut-NPs and Exo-Lut-NPs. A Schematic illustration of the fabrication of Exo-Lut-NPs by the sequential nanoprecipitation and the extrusion method. B Particle sizes and Zeta potentials of four kinds of Lut-NPs (P1, P2, P3, P4) with different PLGA solution concentrations and PLGA/luteolin ratios, n = 3, mean ± SD, *P < 0.5. C Drug loading capacity (DLC) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of Lut-NPs (P1, P2, P3, P4), n = 3, mean ± SD, NS: Not Significant for DLC, *P < 0.5 for DLC, ***P < 0.001 for DLC, ^#P < 0.5 for EE, ^##P < 0.01 for EE, ^####P < 0.0001 for EE. D Particle sizes and Zeta potentials of HepG2 exosomes, Lut-NPs and Exo-Lut-NPs, n = 3, mean ± SD, NS: Not Significant, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. E DLC and EE of Lut-NPs and Exo-Lut-NPs, n = 3, mean ± SD, NS: Not Significant for DLC and EE. F Representative TEM images of Lut-NPs and Exo-Lut-NPs. G In vitro release of luteolin from Lut-NPs and Exo-Lut-NPs in pH 7.4 and pH 5.5 environment, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001